<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Ecuador<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Growth has been uneven because of natural disasters, fluctuations in global oil prices, and government policies designed to curb inflation. Banana exports, second only to oil, have suffered as a result of import quotas of the European Union and banana blight. The new President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN, has a much more favorable attitude toward foreign investment than did his predecessor. Ecuador has implemented trade agreements with Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela and has applied for GATT membership. At the end of 1991, Ecuador received a standby IMF loan of $105 million, which will permit the country to proceed with the rescheduling of Paris Club debt. In September 1992, the government launched a new, macroeconomic program that gives more play to market forces. In 1993, the DURAN-BALLEN administration adopted a rigorous austerity program that resulted in economic stabilization, with inflation cut in half and international reserves boosted to a record $1.3 billion. Growth in 1993 was perhaps only 2% due to falling export prices, notably oil, and slow progress on privatization.
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$41.8 billion
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> 2% (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $4,000 (1993 est.)
<item>• <hi format=ital>consumption per capita:</hi> 700 kWh (1992)
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<item><hi format=bold>Industries:</hi> petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal works, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, timber
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> accounts for 18% of GDP and 35% of labor force (including fishing and forestry); leading producer and exporter of bananas and balsawood; other exports—coffee, cocoa, fish, shrimp; crop production—rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains, sugarcane; livestock sector—cattle, sheep, hogs, beef, pork, dairy products; net importer of foodgrains, dairy products, and sugar
<item><hi format=bold>Illicit drugs:</hi> significant transit country for derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru; minor illicit producer of coca; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important money-laundering hub
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $498 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.15 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $64 million